Before the meeting Li was reportedly so angry that he shouted and punched his desk, the China Daily quoted unnamed officials as saying.
China's mining industry is already regarded as the world's deadliest, but even by its own standards recent days have been particularly bad.
With the onset of winter the demand for coal has become even stronger.
Singling out the Yunnan blast, Li denounced members the local government he said had allowed the Changyuan mine to continue operations after national safety officials had ordered it closed.
According to the report in the China Daily, the mine was ordered to be closed at the beginning of this year, but instead another small mine was shut down which local officials claimed was the Changyuan mine.
"Don't let some unscrupulous coal mine owners kill more people in their last frenzy to make profit"
Li Yizhong, director of China's State Administration of Work Safety
"The case illustrates how some local governments are wilfully flouting national safety regulations."
Outlining new measures, Li said the government would mete out severe punishment for mine owners and local officials that inflate coal production figures in order to avoid being hit by a nationwide campaign to close small mines.
"Don't let some unscrupulous coal mine owners kill more people in their last frenzy to make profit," he said.