"It is not possible to buy abroad a large quantity of vaccine, which exists only in the United States or in England.
"Therefore the state of Israel had to develop its own vaccine."
Anthrax is a deadly bacterial disease and its spores can be used in germ warfare to infect victims.
Israel's defence ministry said in a response to the programme that the military had conducted "research in the context of protecting the state of Israel's populace against a strategic threat".
The United States has long required that its troops serving in Iraq, Afghanistan and South Korea be vaccinated against anthrax.