Nabil Abu Rdeneh, an Abbas spokesman, said: "President Abbas told Mr Bush that this is the time to resume the political negotiations and to revive the hope of the Palestinian people."
The statement came on the eve of a visit by Ehud Olmert, by Israeli prime minister, to the White House.
George Bush, the US president, expressed support for Abbas's decision to dismiss the unity government after bloody factional clashes in the Gaza Strip between Hamas and Fatah.
"The president pledged help and support," Tony Snow, the White House spokesman, said of the leaders' conversation.
Emergency aid
Rice said the US also intended to contribute $40m to the United Nations Relief and Work Agency, which provides aid to refugees in the Gaza Strip, "to help ease the suffering of all Palestinians.
"We will not leave 1.5 million Palestinians at the hands of terrorist organisations."
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"Hamas must decide what their objective is - is it power, is it Israel's destruction, or is it peace for the Palestinian people?
Chris, Stockholm, Sweden
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Javier Solana, the EU foreign policy chief, said the 27-nation bloc would now begin sending funds to the Palestinian government and would examine ways to get aid to people in the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.
Solana did not say when aid would restart or how much would be made available.
"The EU will resume normal relations with the Palestinian Authority immediately," EU foreign ministers, meeting in Luxembourg, said in a statement.
They also urged Israel to start paying millions of dollars in tax revenue it has withheld since Hamas's poll victory.
Tzipi Livni, their Israeli counterpart, said at the Luxembourg meeting that Israel was willing to work with those who accepted Israel's right to exist, adding there was still a need to meet the Palestinians to discuss transferring the money.
She said: "It is part of our aspiration, part of our goal that the Palestinians understand that there is hope with the moderates."
Cabinet meeting
Meanwhile, in Ramallah, at the first working meeting of the new 12-member cabinet, Salam Fayyad, the Palestinian prime minister appointed by Abbas, said the priority for his new administration was to maintain security in the West Bank.