The Iranian leader's pilgrimmage has an added significance because of the sometimes fraught relations between the two Muslim countries.

An Iranian demonstration during the Hajj in July 1987 led to Tehran and Riyadh breaking off diplomatic relations the following year.

Security forces tried to break up the protest and 402 people, including 275 Iranians, were killed.

Iranian pilgrims then stayed away from the pilgrimage until 1991.

Political dimension

Al Jazeera's Sami Zeidan in Mina said there was an important political dimension to King Abdullah's invitation.

"Saudi Arabia is an important key player in the Sunni Muslim world, while Iran is a country that many Shia around the world look to for guidance," he said.

"With the United States putting a lot of pressure on countries to isolate Iran over its nuclear file, the fact that Ahmadinejad is continuing to pick up invitations from countries in this region shows that Gulf countries are thinking twice about how close they want to walk with the United States."

 

On Tuesday, Ahmadinejad is expected to join the masses at Mount Arafat. The faithful will spend the day praying and asking for God's forgiveness at the summit, in a symbolic waiting for the last judgment.

Saudi authorities say they have made every possible preparation for the Hajj, which Abdullah protects and sponsors in his role as custodian of the two holy mosques.

Previous pilgrimages have seen periodic catastrophes created by the crush of people attempting to perform the religious rites. Last year, 364 people were killed in a stampede a the entrance to the Jamarat Bridge in Mina, from which the stoning of the pillars takes place.

Flow of people

 

This year, a third level has been added to the bridge to ease the flow of people and Saudi officials say the crossing can now handle more than 200,000 people every hour.

The government has also it will crack down on pilgrim squatters who cause overcrowding and has taken precautions against bird flu, after recent cases where the deadly H5N1 strain of the virus killed birds in the Riyadh area.

The pilgrimage, which ends on Friday, is one of the five pillars of Islam and is an obligation for all able-bodied Muslims at least once during their lives if they can afford it.