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The face of Europe has been changing. There is the sound of Arabic, the sight of mosques and markets, the influence of the Islamic world apparent in the major cities and countries of Europe.
Islam is the fastest growing religion in Europe. While much of Europe's native population is on the decline, the immigrant population is on the rise. Europe finds itself at a crossroads, while a new Europe deals with societies that until recently were monolithic and monoreligious.
A four-part series on Al Jazeera English, Crossroads Europe, tries to take a look at the problems and promises of immigration. Hosted by Al Jazeera presenter Elizabeth Filippouli, it takes a look at the dynamics of this new Europe, through the eyes of the people who live there, through filmmakers who know the terrain.
Part One: Assimilation No, Integration Yes - the story of Malmo
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| Barang, an influential 22-year-old rap artist |
Filmmaker Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy probes under the rosy image Sweden has historically had of a welcoming immigration policy to bring us the true picture of Muslims living in Malmo.
In the words of one Muslim leader, the Muslim community can integrate into the larger community - but will not lose its cultural and religious identity. Obaid-Chinoy speaks to Barang, an influential 22-year-old rap artist from Rosengard; Malmo's poorest and immigrant-populated district.
Barang feels his highly political lyrics are the best way to express his frustration at feeling excluded from Swedish society.
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Smaller, more conservative mosques like this basement mosque are becoming popular | The hostility felt by some can lead to fierce tension with the police. Obaid-Chinoy encounters confrontation between Swedish officers and defiant Palestinian teenagers in Rosengard.
Despite this, and the district's devastating unemployment rate of 90 per cent in some pockets, the city's residents remain hopeful for change.
Part One airs on: June 11 2007 at 0700GMT and 1430GMT June 12 2007 at 0030GMT June 13 at 0530GMT and 1930GMT June 14 at 0300GMT and 0730GMT June 15 at 0130GMT and 1330GMT June 16 at 0230 and 1730GMT June 17 at 0630GMT and 1900GMT
Part Two – Spain's Hidden Mosques
Filmmaker Justin Webster explores Spain's uneasy relationship with its Muslim population.
Webster lives in Spain and finds battles over the construction of new mosques to be one of the most pressing problems Muslims in Barcelona and Catalonia face.
Dozens have been closed down in recent years after fierce political and public opposition. And, when mosques are built, they can be found in small, make-shift venues –largely hidden from public sight. But in the southern city of Granada, once the symbol of Islamic power in Europe, Justin finds a different story.
After the construction of a mosque in the shadow of the Alhambra four years ago, young Muslims speak about the refreshingly different perception Spaniards have of Muslims.
Locals say they are happy for mosques to be built – and permission for the opening of new ones is much easier to come by.
Part Two airs on: June 18 2007 at 0700GMT and 1430GMT June 19 2007 at 0030GMT June 20 at 0530GMT and 1930GMT June 21 at 0300GMT and 0730GMT June 22 at 0130GMT and 1330GMT June 23 at 0230 and 1730GMT. July 24 at 0630GMT and 1900GMT
Part Three – Muslim Berliners
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Students learn about the Quran in after-school classes |
Mariam Shahin is a Berlin-born filmmaker of Palestinian descent.
Her father first came to Germany as a student.
In the film Muslim Berliners she looks at the uneasy history of Turkish and Middle Eastern immigrants, many of whom feel German – but find their allegiances questioned, especially after 9/11.
While some young people experience hostility, and often use their Islamic identity as a way to rebel, others say they do not experience harassment at all – and appreciate efforts to create greater understanding between the two cultures, as a new TV series has done.
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Young German Muslims dance to celebrate the circumcision of a young boy in Berlin's thriving Muslim community |
Shahin also speaks to some of Germany's rising number of new Muslim converts.
She discovers that many German converts are now playing an active role in explaining Islam to non-Muslim Germans.
Part Three airs on: June 25 2007 at 0700GMT and 1430GMT June 26 2007 at 0030GMT June 27 at 0530GMT and 1930GMT June 28 at 0300GMT and 0730GMT June 29 at 0130GMT and 1330GMT June 30 at 0230 and 1730GMT July 1 at 0630GMT and 1900GMT
Part Four – Black, White, and Red Marseille
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| Francois Bringer with Khader Tilghitt |
Whether you are black, white, or red – Marseille is Marseille, one resident declares.
French filmmaker Francois Bringer reports on a story of successful integration in Marseilles, which is rapidly becoming France's first majority-Muslim city. While there have been minor clashes in the past, Marseille has largely seen comfortable collaboration between its faiths and cultures.
Residents account for their tolerance through their shared history, the large number of locals who originate from different countries, and the absence of the word "community" in the official language of the French republic – because of the French desire to make their citizens pledge allegiance first to the republic and not to their religious or ethnic community. A remarkable story of the conflict that could have been.
Part Four airs on: July 2 2007 at 0700GMT and 1430GMT July 3 2007 at 0030GMT July 4 at 0530GMT and 1930GMT July 5 at 0300GMT and 0730GMT July 6 at 0130GMT and 1330GMT July 7 at 0230 and 1730GMT July 8 at 0630GMT and 1900GMT
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